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SME internationalization: How does the opportunity-based international entrepreneurial culture matter?
Institution:1. International Business and Enterprise Cluster, Adam Smith Business School, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK;2. Greehey School of Business, St. Mary’s University, San Antonio, TX, USA;3. Centre for International Business University of Leeds, Leeds University Business School, University of Leeds, UK;1. Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Economia e della Gestione Aziendale, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche e Aziendali, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;3. Adam Smith Business School, Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom;1. Department of Management, School of Business, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China;2. Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong;3. Department of Marketing and Management, Faculty of Business and Economics, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia;1. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department of Economic and Social Sciences, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy;2. Università di Milano-Bicocca, Department of Economics, Management and Statistics, Via Bicocca degli Arcimboldi 8, 20126 Milano, Italy;3. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department of Economics and Business Management, Via Necchi 5, 20123 Milano, Italy;1. University of Glasgow, Adam Smith Business School, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;2. Department of Business Administration, School of Economics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece;3. Förbom Properties, Tikanmaankatu 76, 21210 Raisio, Finland;1. Department of Business, Ara Institute of Canterbury, PO Box 540, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand;2. Department of Management and International Business, The University of Auckland Business School, Owen G Glenn Building, 12 Grafton Road, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;1. School of Business and Management, Lappeenranta University of Technology, PL 20, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland;2. King’s College, University of London, Strand, London, WCC2R 2LS, United Kingdom;3. The University of Manchester, Alliance Manchester Business School, Booth St W, Manchester M15 6PB, United Kingdom
Abstract:We employ the opportunity-based international entrepreneurial culture (IEC) comprehensive notion that draws upon the opportunity-based view (OBV). The OBV supports the idea that entrepreneurs mold the organizational behavior and characteristics of their firms to pursue opportunities abroad. We set out to explore possible attitudinal differences as regards exploitation of opportunities within firms in each of three internationalization dimensions that are previously identified in the literature, notably time to internationalization, country market presence and international mode. We perform eighteen case studies on high-performing internationalized small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in knowledge intensive sectors. The evidence refines the OBV as it manifests how three IEC characteristics (namely risk attitude, market orientation and networking propensity) matter for firms in the three internationalization dimensions. The study further adds to the international entrepreneurship literature that has until now myopically focused on international new ventures as if they were the sole opportunity-driven group of internationalized SMEs.
Keywords:Internationalization dimensions  Opportunity-based view  International entrepreneurial culture  International new ventures  Global small firms  Micromultinational enterprises
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