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Early internationalization and the role of immigration in new venture survival
Affiliation:1. Department of Management, College of Business Administration & Public Affairs, West Chester University, 700 S. High St., West Chester, PA 19383, USA;2. The Fox School of Business, Temple University, 1801 Liacouras Walk, Alter Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;1. Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Economia e della Gestione Aziendale, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche e Aziendali, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;3. Adam Smith Business School, Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom;1. Department of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Zhejiang University of Technology 312000, Hangzhou, China;2. Department of Business Studies, Uppsala University, Box 513, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden;3. School of Technology and Business Studies, Dalarna University, 791 88 Falun, Sweden;4. Department of Business, Economics and Law, Mid Sweden University, Sweden;1. Kristiania University College, Institute of Leadership, PO Box: 1155 Sentrum, 0107 Oslo, Norway;2. Melbourne Business School, University of Melbourne, 200 Leicester Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia;1. Department of Business, Ara Institute of Canterbury, PO Box 540, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand;2. Department of Management and International Business, The University of Auckland Business School, Owen G Glenn Building, 12 Grafton Road, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;1. Charlton College of Business, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, Dartmouth, MA 02747, United States;2. Department of Management, Robert C. Vackar College of Business and Entrepreneurship, University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley, 1201W University Dr, Edinburg, TX 78541, United States;1. University of Kaiserslautern, Faculty of Business Studies and Economics, Gottlieb-Daimler Str., Building 42, P.O. Box 3049, Kaiserslautern 67653, Germany;2. Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Universitaetsstraße 1, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany;3. University Paderborn, Department of Management/International Business, Warburger Straße 100, Paderborn 33098, Germany
Abstract:Immigrant-started new ventures face the liability of ethnicity because of their founders’ disadvantaged immigration status. It is extremely difficult for them to acquire human, social and financial capital and access market in founders’ country of residence to survive. This study empirically examines the survival of immigrant-started new ventures. We find that an early internationalization strategy could enhance those ventures’ survival and that immigration status moderates the effect of an early internationalization strategy on their survival. This study contributes to both immigrant and international entrepreneurship literature. Managerial and policy implications are also discussed.
Keywords:Immigration  Immigrant-started new ventures  Liability of ethnicity  Early internationalization strategy  Survival
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