The determinants of companies’ levels of integration: Does one size fit all? |
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| Institution: | 1. Roehampton Business School, University of Roehampton, SW15 5SL, London, UK;2. Department of Business and Management, LUISS Guido Carli, 00198, Rome, Italy;3. Kingston Business School, Kingston University, KT2 7LB, London, United Kingdom;4. Department of Business and Quantitative Studies, University of Naples Parthenope, 80132, Naples, Italy;1. School of Accounting, UNSW Business School, UNSW Sydney, 2052 Australia;2. Discipline of International Business, Business School, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia;1. Cork University Business School, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland;2. Department of Sociology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland;1. School of Accounting, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;2. Cardiff Business School, Colum Drive, Cardiff, CF10 3EU, United Kingdom;3. Research Professor in Accounting, Adam Smith School of Business, The University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom;1. School of Accounting and Commercial Law, Victoria Business School, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand;2. Aston Business School, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom;3. Research School of Accounting, College of Business and Economics, The Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia;1. Department of Economics and Management “Marco Fanno”, University of Padua, Italy;2. School of Business and Management, Centre for Research Into Sustainability (CRIS), Centre for Critical and Historical Research on Organisation and Society (CHRONOS), Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK |
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| Abstract: | This article extends current knowledge in the field of integrated thinking and reporting (ITR) by providing new empirical evidence on the nature and determinants of companies' levels of integration (i.e. ITR levels). Based on legitimacy theory and stakeholder theory, we empirically investigate companies' levels of integration and examine the drivers of different ITR levels. Our results suggest that companies' levels of ITR, namely Holistic, Integrated, Conservative, and Minimalist, are related to company characteristics and tend to remain consistent over time exhibiting routine and imitation. Companies with greater size, leverage, bigger board size and meetings, as well as companies operating in sensitive industries and with higher environmental performance are more likely to exhibit a Holistic or Integrated level of integration, while Minimalist and Conservative levels are driven by the same variables in opposite direction. Furthermore, at country level, economic growth, market performance, citizens freedom and lower environmental performance significantly contribute to higher integration. These results could drive companies' choices alongside policymakers’ initiatives, by identifying which levers should be pulled to achieve the desired level of integration, and suggest the need for a tailored approach rather than a one size fits all within the debate on the future developments of ITR. |
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| Keywords: | Integrated thinking Integrated reporting Legitimacy theory Stakeholder theory M14 M49 G30 |
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