中国的社会团体、公民社会和国家组合主义：有争议的领域

20世纪90年代中期以来学术界展开了一场争论：一派认为，应该用公民社会概念来研究中国团体；另一派通过调查研究认为，中国几乎所有团体的生活在本质上是国家组合主义。公民社会和组合主义都关注国家和社会之间的社团和其他机构。但不同的是：公民社会站在社会的角度，发展自治社团，维护“公共领域”的能力，以界定和制约国家权力；组合主义则相反，从国家的角度，为实现政府自己的目的，与选定的社团发展一种特殊的关系。在深入细致的实证研究基础上，学者们考察了中国不同类型社团的活动，得出了不同的结论，同时他们也超越了国家、社会和组合主义以及公民社会的框架，阐明了别的一系列重要的问题。

Chinese Associations, Civil Society, and State Corporatism: Disputed Terrain

Since mid-1990s, a debate has been developing between those who believe that Chinese associations should be studied in terms of civil society and those whose investigations have led them to believe that almost all associational life in China is state corporatist in nature. Both views focus on associations and other institutions that stand between the state and society. However, the civil-society view, from its societal perspective, stresses the capacity of society to develop autonomous associations and sustain a ＇public sphere＇ that helps delimit and constrain state power. The corporatist view, on the contrary, examines from the perspective of the state how the government for its own purposes develops a special relationship with selected associations. Based on intensive empirical researches, scholars examine different types of associational activity in China and arrive at diverse conclusions. In the meantime, they go beyond the state/society and corporatism/civil society frameworks to explain a range of other important issues.