"三农"问题的制度根源与改革思路探析

"三农"问题在我国既是一个历史问题,更是一个制度问题。制度歧视是造成"三农"问题的主要根源。城乡分异的户籍制度造成了农民不平等的社会身份;长期"以农哺工"的产业政策、向上倾斜的财税制度及以城市为中心的公共政策是造成农村贫困、农业落后的主要原因;城乡二元土地管理制度使农民长期承受过多过重的社会负担,造成农民生活贫困化和边缘化;不健全的金融服务体系使农业产业化缺乏有效的资本支持……加快体制改革步伐是解决"三农"问题的根本所在,但土地管理制度、农村社会保障制度以及人才管理制度的改革还需要理论创新的支持。

Institutional Origin of "The Issue of Agriculture,Rural Areas and Peasants" and Some Reform Routes

"The issue of agriculture, rural areas and peasants" can be attributed to history and institution, while the institutional discrimination forms the major origin. The discriminate registered residence, industry policy and financial policy severely damage the development of rural area, making the peasants live a poverty life. The key to solve such problem is to give theoretical support on the reform in financial system, insurance system and human power management.