世界石油市场十年回顾与展望

过去10年,国际石油市场剧烈动荡,油价大起大落。全球经济经历了时间长于以往的扩张期,新兴国家的石油需求迅猛增长,亚太地区吸引了越来越多的石油资源。油价上涨在表现出明显的"需求驱动"特征的同时,其影响因素也呈复杂化和多元化的趋势。由于上游投资不足,供需基本面出现严重的紧平衡。在经历了2008年的金融危机之后,随着经济刺激计划的实施以及世界经济的逐步复苏,全球经济将迎来又一轮的景气周期。展望未来,发展中国家的石油需求量有望在近年超过发达国家,全球需求和贸易重心东移的势头更加明显;石油供应日益集中在少数国家,其潜在的政治风险将带来供应增长的不确定性。石油的概念将发生演变,并扩展至天然气凝析液、生物燃料、天然气合成油和煤制油等,导致整体石油品质变轻以及中间馏分油供需矛盾加剧。油价总体水平将继续走高,但由于金融监管加强,油价的大幅异常波动可能会受到抑制。未来油价底限取决于石油边际成本,上限取决于替代能源成本;油价本身的变动最终取决于剩余产能以及供需面。

Ten-year review of and prospects for the global oil market

The international oil market has been in a state of great turbulence in the past decade with frequent and large price fluctuations. The global economy has witnessed a new round of expansion, leading to rapid oil demand growth in newly emerging markets, especially in the Asia Pacific region that has attracted more oil inflows. The oil price jump has clearly been driven by rapidly surging demand but is influenced by multiple more complicated factors. Inadequate upstream investment was an important contributor...