贸易差额的衡量:基于所有权还是所在地

本文在借鉴西方主要国家和有关国际机构在为建立基于所有权的国际贸易统计框架所做方法研究和探索实践的基础上,尝试确立完整的基于所有权的双边贸易差额统计框架,并且把这一原则与现行的跨境贸易差额进行了比较。一方面指出现行的跨境贸易差额高估我国贸易利得的主要原因,是外资企业净出口被计为中国的出口,而实际上它是外国资本在国际化生产中获得的贸易利得;另一方面为将来如何调整统计口径、得到反映现实的统计结果,提供可供参考的方向。

The Measurement of Trade Balance: Ownership VS Territory

The purpose of this paper is to establish a framework for calculating the bilateral trade balance with ownership-based approach that has been developed to survey the actual benefit owned by a country from global trade. By comparing with conventional trade balance statement system based on resident rule, the analysis of this paper shows that the gain from China's trade surplus will be magnified by including foreign affiliate export from China but excluding foreign affiliate sales in China. The framework established in this paper highlights the ways and means to provide a closer-to-reality picture of China's position in the international production networks.