城乡人口空间迁移模式的比较研究

农村移民过度集聚不利于城市化可持续发展。文章利用第六次全国人口普查数据的研究结果显示,农村移民表现出显著的单向迁移特征,空间分布高度集中化。但城镇移民双向迁移特征更为明显,空间分布更为均衡。从劳动力市场条件的角度解释认为:户籍制度约束使得农村人口迁移仅基于经济因素考虑,因而空间集聚度很高。而城镇人口由于能够免受此类约束,迁移决策不仅基于经济因素,而且基于社会、文化、环境等多因素考虑,因而空间分布更为均衡。文章认为,建立一种相对均衡的农村移民空间迁移模式,关键是要彻底改革户籍制度,使农村移民享有与城镇居民同等的公共服务获取权。

A Comparative Research on the Spatial Migration Pattern of Urban and Rural Population

An excessive agglomeration of rural migrants would be harmful to the sustainable development of urbanization. Based on the sixth national census data,the study indicates that rural migrants show a significant feature of unidirectional mi-gration and a high centralization of the spatial distribution. However,urban migrants show a significant feature of two-way mi-gration and a more balanced spatial distribution. The answer,from the perspective of labor market conditions,is that the con-straints of the Hukou system to make rural migrant only consider economic factors,which results in a high degree of spatial ag-glomeration.The decisions of urban migrants, due to free to the above constraints, are based on not only economic factors but also social, cultural, environmental and other considerations, which brings about a more balanced spatial distribution. The paper proposes that it is essential to reform the Hukou system thoroughly and make rural migrants have the equal rights to get ac-cess to public services as urban residents for establishing a relatively balanced spatial migration pattern of rural migrants.