我国脱贫减贫:现状、问题与战略转型研究

我国脱贫减贫呈现出典型的阶段性推进特征。通过持续的大规模扶贫开发,绝对贫困问题总体解决,区域性整体贫困明显缓解,贫困地区生活质量全面提高。但减贫也存在相对贫困人口规模较大,贫困人口识别标准单一,脱贫减贫主体发挥作用不够,扶贫减贫治理碎片化等问题。2020年我国脱贫攻坚任务如期完成后,绝对贫困解决但相对贫困仍将长期存在。发达国家减贫的贫困线设置、提升减贫内生动力、精准扶贫对象、分类设计保障性扶贫等有效做法,值得我们借鉴。适应新形势,2020年后我国减贫重心要转向常规治理相对贫困,减贫治理要转向统筹城乡贫困治理一体化,减贫政策要重在防止贫困人口返贫,减贫对象要更加关注特殊地区和特殊人群。

Research on Poverty Alleviation in China:Current Situation,Problems and Strategic Transformation

Our country’s poverty alleviation and poverty reduction have shown typical characteristics of phased advancement.Through continuous large-scale poverty alleviation and development,the problem of absolute poverty has been solved overall,the overall regional poverty has been significantly alleviated,and the quality of life in poor areas has been comprehensively improved.However,poverty reduction also has problems such as the relatively large scale of the poor population,the single identification standard for the poor,the insufficient role of the main body of poverty alleviation and poverty reduction,and the fragmentation of poverty alleviation and poverty reduction.After China’s poverty alleviation task is completed on schedule in 2020,absolute poverty will be resolved but relative poverty will remain for a long time.The effective practices of poverty reduction in developed countries are worthy of our reference,such as setting the poverty line,enhancing the endogenous driving force of poverty reduction,targeted poverty alleviation,and classified design of guaranteed poverty alleviation.To adapt to the new situation,after 2020,the focus of poverty reduction in my country will shift to conventional treatment of relative poverty.Poverty reduction governance will shift to the integration of urban and rural poverty governance.Poverty reduction policies should focus on preventing the poor from returning to poverty,poverty reduction targets should pay more attention to special areas and special groups.