城乡要素自由流动促进新发展格局形成的路径研究

城乡要素自由流动是畅通国民经济循环、构建“双循环”新发展格局的内在要求。从需求端看,城乡要素自由流动既有利于劳动力等要素流向城市、推进新型城镇化;也有利于高端要素回流乡村,激发乡村蛰伏的发展潜能、促进乡村振兴,从而为构建“双循环”新发展格局拓展新的内需空间。从供给端看,城乡要素自由流动有利于畅通生产、分配、流通和消费各环节,平衡城乡要素结构,提升要素配置效率,为构建“双循环”新发展格局培植新动能。因此,要发挥“有效市场”在要素配置中的决定性作用,深化城乡要素市场化配置改革,消除阻碍城乡要素自由流动和高效配置的各种体制障碍,打通“双循环”新发展格局中城乡要素流动的关键堵点。要发挥“有为政府”在乡村基础设施和政策体系制度供给中的作用,深化户籍、土地等制度改革,使城乡人口流动摆脱户籍制约,构建城乡统一的建设用地出让机制。要加大对要素返乡的支持力度,全面推进城乡新型基础设施建设,为形成“双循环”新发展格局提供有力的要素支撑。

Study on the Path of Free Flow of Factors between Urban and Rural Areas on the New Development Pattern

The free flow of factors between urban and rural areas is the inherent requirement of smooth circulation of national economy and construction of new development pattern.From the demand side,the free flow of factors between urban and rural areas is not only conducive to the flow of labor and other factors to the city and promote new urbanization,but also conducive to the return of high-end factors to the countryside and stimulate the dormant development potential of the countryside.So as to expand new domestic demand space for the new development pattern.From the supply side,the free flow of factors between urban and rural areas is conducive to smooth production,distribution,circulation and consumption,balance the structure of urban and rural factors,improve the efficiency of factor allocation,and cultivate new momentum for the new development pattern.Therefore,we should give play to the decisive role of“effective market”in the allocation of factors,deepen the reform of market-oriented allocation of factors between urban and rural areas,and eliminate various institutional obstacles that hinder the free flow and efficient allocation of factors between urban and rural areas.We should give full play to the role of“promising government”in the supply of rural infrastructure and policy system,deepen the reform of registered residence and land,and make the population flow in cities and towns free from registered residence restrictions.It is necessary to strengthen the support for the flow of factors to rural areas,comprehensively promote the construction of new urban and rural infrastructure,and provide strong factor support for the formation of a new development pattern of double cycle.