民国时期宁夏农村经济研究

民国时期宁夏省政府整修水利，开垦荒地，使宁夏的耕地面积有所增加，而且灌溉农田占农田总面积的59％，是黄河上游区域最高的省份。农作物品种齐全，主要有小麦、水稻、山药、粟、大麦、高粱、豌豆等，占全部农作物耕种面积的82．8％，总产量的93．8％。农村地权分配极不平衡，80％以上的农民耕地不足。主要依靠租种地主的土地生活。佃农和地主不仅在土地上发生关系，而且在借贷方面也发生密切的关系。是宁夏农村租佃关系的一大特点。民国时期宁夏有着比较好的农村市场体系，因其生产皮毛、食盐、药材等，形成了许多专业市场。由于地权和租佃关系恶化，政府对农民实行强制性掠夺和高利贷的盘剥，使农民生活日益贫困化，因此农民离村现象严重，导致了民国时期宁夏农村经济复苏十分艰难。

Research on Ningxia Rural Economy during the Period of Republic of China

During the period of Republic of China, Ningxia provincial government renovated irrigation works, opened up wasteland, making the number of the Ningxia's cultivated area increased, moreover, the irrigation farmland which accounted for 59% of the total farmland area. Ningxia has the most irrigation farmland in the provinces of the upper reaches Yellow River, and has a vary of breeds, which mainly comprised the wheat, the paddy rice, the Chinese yam, the millet, the barley, the sorghum, the pea and so on. These took the 82.8% percentage of the whole crop lands and 93.8% of the total output. A distribution of the countryside land ownership is not balanced and over 80% farmers had not insufficient crop land, so they lived a poor life which mainly depended on renting the crop land from the landlord. The tenant farmer and the landlord had the relations not only on the land, but also on lending money; which is a major characteristic of the Ningxia's countryside tenancy relationship. During the period of Republic of China, Ningxia had a good rural market system because it produced fur, the table salt, the raw material for medicine and so on, and had formed many specialized markets. Because of the worsen relationship between the land owners and the tenancy, the compulsory plundering implemented by the government and the exploitation of usury, which made the life of the farmer pauperized day by day. Therefore, the phenomenon of farmers' leaving the village was serious and the recover of Ningxia rural economy was extremely difficult during the period of Republic of China.