农村土地经营权规模化流转溢价:客观事实、结构特征与政策取向

“三权”分置改革的核心是通过放活土地经营权,促进土地规模经营和现代农业发展。近年来,在农村土地经营权流转实践中,部分地区的规模化流转出现溢价已经成为基本事实。农村土地经营权规模化流转溢价虽然能够增加流转农户的收入,保障承包户的财产权利,但也会制约土地规模经营,不利于现代农业发展。从来源性质来看,土地经营权规模化流转溢价可分为规模溢价、风险溢价和投资溢价。不同性质溢价的生成机理和应对思路不尽相同,应当加以区分对待。土地经营权规模化流转价格的形成及其调控应以有利于保障粮食安全和土地适度规模经营、促进农业现代化、保障农民的合理利益为原则。在政策导向上,应保护农村土地经营权规模化流转的规模溢价,规范风险溢价,并重构投资溢价。

Premium on Large-Scale Transfer of Farmland's Economic Right:Objective Facts,Structural Structure and Policy Orientation

The goal of the"Three Rights Separation Reform"is to promote large-scale agricultural production by liberalizing the economic rights of farmland.However,in recent years,in the process of large-scale transfer of the economic rights,there is a phenomenon of transfer premium in some places.The transfer premium can increase the income and protect the property rights of the farmland contractor.However,the transfer premium may hinder the large-scale operation of agricultural land,which is not conducive to the progress of agricultural modernization.There are three forms of transfer premium,namely scale premium,risk premium and investment premium.Each form of premium has a different mechanism.The attitude and treatment of different premium should be different.A reasonable price formation should follow the following principles:to ensure food security,to promote the appropriate scale operation of farmland and to protect the interests of farmers.We should protect the scale premium,regulate the risk premium and reconstruct the investment premium of the large-scale transfer of farmland's economic right.