数字贸易规则:关键议题、现实挑战与构建策略

建立和完善数字贸易发展的制度框架是国际贸易领域重要的新兴议题,也是各国对WTO改革最关切的议题之一。跨境数据流动、数字税收、数据(设施)本地化、数字贸易市场准入、数字知识产权保护以及跨境电商便利化是建立全球数字贸易框架的关键议题。目前,跨境数据流动共识规则缺失,数字产品或服务征税争议较大,数据(设施)本地化立场不同,云计算服务分类和准入存在分歧,保护数字知识产权诉求较多,贸易便利化规则尚不明确。中国支持全球各国在WTO框架下开展数字贸易新议题、新规则的谈判,具体建议包括:确立WTO在解决跨境数据流动问题上的核心地位;建立鼓励创新、兼顾公平的数字税收规则;建立以保障网络安全为基础的数据本地化规则;尊重各国在数字领域市场准入方面的关切;合理保护数字知识产权;积极促进数字贸易便利化。

Digital Trade Rules: Key Issues,Practical Challenges and Construcion Strategies

It's an important emerging topic in the field of international trade for establishing and improving the institutional framework of digital trade development,which is also one of the most concerned issues for the reform of WTO.Cross-border data flows,digital taxation,localization of data(facilities),market access,protection of digital intellectual property rights,and facilitation of cross-bordere-commerce are key issues in establishing a global digital trade framework.At present,there is a lack of consensus rules on cross-border data flow,disputes over taxing digital products or services,different positions on data(facilities)localization,differences in classification and access of cloud computing services,more demands for protection of digital intellectual property rights,and unclear rules on trade facilitation.China supports negotiating new issues and rules on digital trade within the WTO framework.Moreover,China supports the WTO's central role in addressing cross-border data flows,establishes digital tax rules that encourage innovation and take into account fairness,establishes data localization rules based on safeguarding network security,respects the concerns of other countries in terms of market access,reasonably protects digital intellectual property rights,and actively promotes the facilitation of digital trade.