物质生产力与精神生产力：一种批评性辨析

物质生产和生产力同精神生产和生产力具有本质的区别。在社会分工的意义上，文学、艺术、道德、宗教和哲学等精神生产和生产力受物质生产和生产力的决定；在物质生产内部分工的意义上，物质生产和生产力包含了某些精神过程和精神特征，即与体力劳动相对的脑力劳动。不能把物质生产等同于体力劳动，把精神生产等同于脑力劳动。一方面要充分肯定精神生产和脑力劳动对社会历史愈益重要的作用，另一方面又必须确认物质生产和生产力对社会历史的决定作用，这二者并不矛盾。因为这是两个不同层面的问题，后者作为一种“总的趋势”处于社会历史本质和规律的层面，前者则作为一些“个别”存在形式和发展方式处于社会历史的现象具体的层面。

Material and Intellectual Productive Forces： A Critical Analysis

Material production and productive forces are fundamentally different from intellectual production and productive forces. In the sense of social division of labor, intellectual production and productive forces such as literature, art, morality, religion and philosophy are decided by material production and productive forces; in the sense of internal material production division of labor, material production and productive forces include certain intel- lectual processes and characteristics, namely mental labor which is relative to manual labor. Material production cannot be equaled by manual labor and intellectual production cannot be regarded as mental labor. On the one hand, the increasingly important role of intellectual production and mental labor in society and history should be fully affirmed; on the other hand,the decisive role of material production and productive forces in society and history must be confirmed. There is no contradiction between the two aspects, because they are two problems at different levels. As a general tendency, the latter is at the level of essence and rules of society and history; as some individual being forms and development modes, the former is at the level of concrete phenomena of society and history.