Smallholder productivity and weather shocks: Adoption and impact of widely promoted agricultural practices in Tanzania |
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| Institution: | 1. International Fund for Agricultural Development, Via Paolo di Dono, 44, 00142 Rome, Italy;2. Department of Economics and Finance, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Columbia, 2, 00133 Rome, Italy;3. Independent Science Partnership Council of CGIAR, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy;1. Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark and Department of Economics and Finance, University of Bio-Bio, Chile;2. Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark;3. Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark and UNU-WIDER, Helsinki, Finland;1. Green Climate Fund (GCF), Independent Evaluation Unit, Incheon, South Korea;2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy;3. Centre for Economic and International Studies (CEIS), University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy;1. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Kenya;2. Development Economics Group, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands;3. Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois, United States;4. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Zimbabwe;1. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya;2. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |
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| Abstract: | We investigate the impact of maize-legume intercropping, soil and water conservation practices (SWC), organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers and high yielding maize varieties on maize productivity under weather shocks in Tanzania using panel data. First, we estimate the determinants of adoption by applying a multivariate panel data model capturing their complementarities and/or substitutabilities. Second, after testing for their potential endogeneity, we study the impact of these practices (and combinations of them) on maize productivity controlling for weather shocks. Finally, we disaggregate results by presence/absence of seasonal rainfall and temperature shocks to explore the heterogeneous impact of adoption under weather shocks. We find strong complementarities between agricultural practices both in terms of adoption and yield impacts. Long-run variability in rainfall decreases the adoption of organic fertilizers and increases that of improved seeds. Farmers in areas where the cropping season’s rainfall has been highly variable and temperature has been unexpectedly high have significantly lower maize yields. SWC emerges as one of the most important practices in increasing yields with significant benefits by itself, in combination with other practices, under average weather conditions as well as under rainfall and temperature shocks. Overall, increasing the adoption of SWC appears a promising policy option to buffer food security from increasingly frequent weather shocks in Tanzania. |
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| Keywords: | Technology adoption Productivity analysis Climate change Panel data Tanzania |
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