高坝下游水中总溶解气体过饱和研究进展

随着水电工程的不断兴起,高坝建设引起的过饱和水体问题日渐突出。总结了近年来国内外的的研究成果,从鱼类的耐受性、鱼类对过饱和总溶解气体(TDG)的规避效应以及过饱和TDG对鱼类的致死机理3方面分析了过饱和TDG与下游水生生物之间的相互作用,并提出了一些研究思路和想法。此外,还重点论述了促进过饱和TDG释放速率方面取得的进展和不足之处,指出实际工况条件下过饱和TDG的释放易受河流形态等周边环境影响,而实验条件下无法准确反映实际工况,今后室内试验和原型观测需进一步加强。而如何在安全行洪的前提下实现快速高效的TDG释放是该领域下一步研究的重点。

Research progress of total dissolved gas supersaturation downstream of high dam

With the continuous construction of hydropower projects, the problem of water body supersaturation caused by high dam discharge is becoming more and more prominent. In this paper, the research results for water body supersaturation at home and abroad in recent years were summarized, and the interaction between supersaturated total dissolved gas (TDG) and downstream aquatic organisms was analyzed from three aspects: fish tolerance, fish avoidance effect on supersaturated TDG and lethal mechanism of supersaturated TDG to fish, and then some research ideas were puts forward. Furthermore, this paper also focused on the progress and shortcomings in promoting the release rate of supersaturated TDG. It is pointed out that the release of supersaturated TDG under actual working conditions is influenced by surrounding environment such as river morphology, while the experimental conditions can not accurately reflect the actual working conditions, so the indoor tests and prototype observations need to be further strengthened in the future. And how to achieve rapid and efficient TDG release under the premise of safe flood discharge is the focus of further research in this field.