玛依纳水电站现场水轮机效率试验

水轮机效率是水轮机性能的重要指标，流量测量是原型水轮机效率试验中最重要、测试难度最大、测点较多的环节。介绍了流量测量的常用试验方法、测量原理、综合误差，并以哈萨克斯坦玛依纳水电站（采用冲击式水轮机）为例，重点介绍了相对法和超声波法的试验原理、现场应用情况、试验结论及注意事项。研究结果表明：对于在不具备热力学法和内置式超声波流量计测量流量的玛依纳水电站，应当采用相对法和外夹式超声波流量计来测量流量。根据该建议，成功实现了大管径、大壁厚管道流量的准确测量，取得的原型水轮机效率试验结果，得到了业主方的认可。

Field tests of turbine efficiency in Moinak Hydropower Station

Turbine efficiency is a key parameter for turbine performance. The discharge measurement plays an important role in the field tests of turbine efficiency due to many test points and difficulties in operation. Therefore, the common test methods, principles and comprehensive errors of discharge measurement were introduced in this paper. Particularly, we expounded on the principles, field application, test results and precautions of relative method and ultrasonic method that were applied in the Pelton turbines of Moinak Hydropower Station. In addition, some specific research associated with the operation of Moinak Hydropower Station was conducted. The results show that the thermodynamics method and the intrusive ultrasonic flowmeter are not appropriate for Moinak Hydropower Station. Instead, the relative method and the clamp-on ultrasonic flow meter might work. At last, the relative method and the clamp-on ultrasonic flow meter were successfully used in accurate discharge measurement of pipelines with large diameter and thickness. The test results were highly recognized by the owner of Kazakhstan.