美国农业生物技术研发投资与专利保护

现代农业生物技术在缓解全球粮食安全、资源枯竭、环境恶化等一系列重大问题中发挥了极其重要的作用。美国农业生物技术研究和产业化发展非常迅速，与其相关的知识产权制度立法也经过多次调整完善，巩固了其技术和市场优势。本文通过介绍美国农业生物技术研发投资现状，梳理其知识产权制度的发展历程，并从授权专利的申请单位类型、技术类型和前十强企业的专利集中度等方面，分析农业生物技术的专利保护进展，总结美国农业生物技术研发及其知识产权保护制度的成功经验，以期为促进我国农业生物技术创新及其知识产权保护制度的完善提供经验借鉴。

R&D Investment and Patent Protection of Agricultural Biotechnology in USA

Modern agricultural biotechnology makes great importance on some social issues such as food security, drying up of resources and environment deterioration. Research and industrialization of agricultural biotechnology in USA develop rapidly. Intellectual property protection system is also adjusted several times so that it can make good use of intellectual property to guarantee its advantage of technology and market in the world. This paper firstly reviews current agricultural biotechnology R&D situation and the development history of intellectual property protection. Patent protection progress is then analyzed from the following three aspects: patent awards by assignee sector and technology classification, concentration of patent awards among top 10 holders. Successful experiences of USA agricultural biotechnology development are revealed and some implications on agricultural biotechnology innovation and intellectual property protection system construction in our country are also proposed.