“三农”问题的制度经济学分析

我国是一个农业大国 ,农业、农村和农民问题在整个国民经济中的地位是显而易见的。在经济体制转轨的过程中 ,“三农”问题更显得突出和紧迫 ,它不仅影响了我国农业的可持续发展 ,而且还影响了农民的收入水平及其在国民经济中的基础地位。本文运用一个动态的投资模型 ,分析了沉淀成本对农业生产进入与退出的影响 ,并探讨了其对农户生产投资行为的影响 ,提出了解决“三农”问题的政策处方 :即在农业生产经营活动中 ,由于普遍存在的沉淀成本严重地影响了农民的投资行为 ,因而完善市场制度和非市场制度 ,提高农业生产要素的流动性 ,降低其沉淀成本 ,是解决“三农”问题的关键。

An Institutional Economics Analysis of Agriculture,Countryside and Farmers Problems

This paper is to analyze the farmer's investments in agricultural production in terms of sunk costs. Based on the investment model,we show that sunk costs have a great effect on the farmers,villages,and agriculture which are named as San Nong problems. Because of the existence of sunk costs in agriculture,they adversely influence the investment behavior. In principle we provide the solutions to the San Nong problems,that is,to reduce sunk costs and increase the mobility of production factors.