Off-farm employment and agricultural specialization in China |
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| Institution: | 1. China Center for Agricultural Policy, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, China;2. Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China;3. Center for Food Security and the Environment, Freeman Spogli Institute, Stanford University, United States;1. Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China;2. Department of Economics, University at Albany, SUNY, New York, NY 12222, USA;1. Peking University & IFPRI, China;2. Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China;3. Michigan State University, United States |
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| Abstract: | While it is well known that China's off farm labor market is emerging rapidly, less is known about the effect of movement off the farm on the farming practices of those that have continued to farm. The overall goal of this paper is to analyze the effects of changes in China's off farm employment on one aspect of the performance of China's agricultural sector: the emergence of specialization in farming. To achieve this goal, we have three specific objectives. First, we document the changes in the flow of labor out of China's villages. Second, we examine how specialization in farming has changed over time. Third, we examine the association between off farm labor flows and specialization. Using panel data from a national representative data collected by the authors between 1999 and 2008, the analysis finds that off farm employment is indeed rising rapidly. At the same time, specialization is occurring off and on the farm. There is a strong and robust correlation between off farm employment and on farm specialization. The results imply that China's agriculture has responded dynamically to the modernization happening elsewhere in the economy. |
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