测量坐标反算原理复核构造物尺寸、横坡的计算方法

公路工程建设中,为了使公路顺利通过既有线路、水系而不妨碍交通,或排除地表水流,通常会设置涵洞、通道桥,因受地形限制,此类构造物形式多样,结构复杂,测量人员在进行内业图纸复核时,往往通过坐标正算原理,根据中桩坐标和切线方位角进行坐标计算,面对斜交类构造物复核时较为困难,本文通过测量坐标反算原理,逆向计算复核,通过构造物和道路设计边线的几何关系,求出相交点的里程、偏距和设计高程,再来三算构造物的长度和横坡,该方法易于理解,计算准确,满足现场施工测量放样的精度要求。

Calculating Method for Checking the Size and Cross Slope of Structures Based on the Principle of Inverse Calculation of Survey Coordinates

In the construction of highway engineering,in order to allow the highway to smoothly pass the existing lines and water systems without obstructing traffic or excluding surface water flow,culverts and channel bridges are usually set.Due to terrain restrictions,such structures have various forms and complex structures.When reviewing internal drawings,surveyors often use the principle of positive coordinate calculation and coordinate calculation based on the coordinates of the middle stake and the tangent azimuth.It is difficult to check for oblique structures.This paper uses the principle of coordinate inverse calculation to reverse calculate and review,find the mileage,offset,and design elevation of the intersection point through the geometric relationship between the structure and the road design edge,and then calculate the length and slope of the structure.This method is easy to understand,accurate,and meets the site construction measurement stakeout accuracy requirements.