农业生态效率评价及提升路径研究——基于山东省17个地级市的实证分析

将农业碳排放和农业面源污染作为非期望产出纳入评价体系,采用包含非期望产出的SBM模型测度2000—2017年山东省17个地级市的农业生态效率,利用ArcGIS技术和莫兰指数展现农业生态效率的空间分布特征,并运用冗余率剖析效率损失原因,提出针对性改进建议。研究发现:(1)山东省农业生态效率整体较高但地区差异明显,济南、烟台处于效率有效状态,其余各市处于非有效状态。从历年趋势看,农业生态效率均值在研究期内呈现缓慢下降态势,2013—2017年稳定在中等效率水平。(2)从空间特征来看,山东省农业生态效率呈现正的空间相关性,总体上“低—低”集聚型和“低—高”集聚型地区偏多,中部和东部沿海地区为两个高效率集团。(3)从生态效率损失原因来看,农药投入、劳动力投入和农业面源污染物排放是主要原因。此外,不同地区效率损失的具体原因也存在差异。因此,要想获得生态效率的提升,有必要从生产要素投入和污染物排放两方面进行管控和改善,探索建立跨区域的农业生态化发展合作机制。

Study on the Evaluation and Promotion Path of Agricultural Ecological Efficiency:An Empirical Analysis of 17 Prefecture Level Cities in Shandong Province

Agricultural carbon emission and agricultural non-point source pollution are included in the evaluation system as unexpected output.SBM model including unexpected output is used to measure the agricultural ecological efficiency of 17 prefecture level cities in Shandong Province from 2000 to 2017.ArcGIS technology and Moran index are used to show the spatial distribution characteristics of agricultural ecological efficiency,and redundancy rate is used to analyze the causes of efficiency loss,and targeted improvement suggestions are put forward.The results show that:(1)the overall agricultural ecological efficiency of Shandong Province is high,but the regional differences are obvious.Jinan and Yantai are in the effective state of efficiency,and other cities are in the non-effective state.From the trend over the years,the average value of agricultural ecological efficiency shows a slow decline trend in the study period,and it is stable at the medium efficiency level in 2013-2017.(2)From the perspective of spatial characteristics,the agricultural ecological efficiency of Shandong Province shows a positive spatial correlation.Generally,there are more“low-low”type and“low-high”type areas,and the central and eastern coastal areas are two high-efficiency groups.(3)From the perspective of ecological efficiency loss,pesticide input,labor input and agricultural non-point source pollutant emission are the main reasons.In addition,the specific causes of efficiency loss in different regions are also different.Therefore,in order to improve the ecological efficiency,it is necessary to control and improve the input of production factors and the emission of pollutants,and explore the establishment of a cross regional cooperation mechanism for agricultural ecological development.