产权和契约理论研究评述

产权的界定是契约的基本内容,契约效率体现为对产权的界定是否合理。经典的产权理论和契约理论对组织的形态和交易的边界进行了解释。产权之所以重要,在于它能给人们提供一个稳定的可预期的经济收益,剩余索取权成为其研究的出发点和归宿。契约理论研究产权,是从实际控制权出发,因为不管实际控制权来源于什么,它的配置结构会影响事后契约双方在争取剩余索取权上的谈判能力,特别是在契约不完备、第三方无法实施的条件下,它成为决定契约能否低成本实施的制度保障,从而特别强调事后治理机制的重要性。

The literature summarization on property rights and contractual theories

The discerption on property rights is basic contents of contracts of contracts manifests if the discerption on property rights is reasonable. Classical property rights theory and contract theory explain the forms of organization and boundary of exchanges. The importance of property rights lies on provision to people on steady and anticipative economic proceeds so residual claims is the aims and end-result. Contract theory works over property rights based on the real control rights, because no matter what real control rights is, its collocation organization influences both sides the negotiation ability on striving for residual claims,especially on the condition of incomplete contracts and the third party impracticability, the real control rights turns into system safeguard on enforcing contracts based on low cost,so the weightiness of ex post facto governance mechanism is emphasized in particular.