国际航空网络的空间结构特征

航空运输具有快速、高效益和长距离运输的特点，可打破地理限制，促进人员、技术、资金和商品等经济要素的跨国流动，能将单个城市串联为城市网络，降低往来成本，推动世界经济发展。通过分析2010—2020年的航空客运班次数据所构建的航空网络，并运用复杂网络理论和社会网络分析法研究航空网络的空间结构和演化规律。结果表明，2010—2013年欧美地区占据航空网络霸主地位，芝加哥、纽约一直霸榜；2013年中东地区由于地理位置优势开始崛起为航空枢纽；2018年得益于旅游政策与经济崛起，东亚、东南亚和东非地区航空地位不断提升，而欧美发达国家的航空地位下降，全球航空布局趋于均衡。2020年全球航空布局更加均衡，中国在全球航空网络中的地位逐渐提升。航空网络具有小世界和无标度网络的特点，可以促进城市间的互动和连接，打破地理和距离的限制。这些研究结果有助于优化我国航空网络，提升航空客货流的通达性和可靠性，实现民航强国的目标。

Characterization of the Spatial Structure of International Aviation Networks

Air transportation is characterized by fast, efficient and long-distance transportation, which can break the geographical limitations, promote the transnational flow of economic factors such as people, technology, capital and commodities, link individual cities into a city network, reduce the cost of travel and promote the development of the world economy. The aviation network constructed from the data of air passenger flights from 2010 to 2020 was analyzed, and the spatial structure and evolution law of the aviation network were studied by using complex network theory and social network analysis. The research results show that from 2010 to 2013, Europe and the United States occupied the dominant position in the aviation network, and Chicago and New York have been dominating the list. The Middle East began to rise as an aviation hub due to its geographic location advantage in 2013. In 2018, thanks to the tourism policy and the economic rise, the aviation position of East Asia, Southeast Asia and East Africa is increasing, while the aviation position of the developed countries in Europe and the United States is declining, and the global aviation layout is tending to be balanced. In 2020, the global aviation layout will be more balanced, and China''s position in the global aviation network will gradually increase. Aviation network has the characteristics of small world and scale-free network, which can promote the interaction and connection between cities and break the limitations of geography and distance. These findings help optimize China''s aviation network, improve the accessibility and reliability of air passenger and cargo flows, and achieve the goal of a strong civil aviation nation.