政治影响力与制度生成——新乡贤组织的演生及其类型学

新乡贤组织并不是“千村一面”,其在制度演进过程中的“内生性”与“外引性”的分野,以及村庄精英资源禀赋的不同,催生出了不同形态的新乡贤组织。本文通过考察浙北与浙南十个村落的新乡贤组织演生过程,以成员政治影响力与制度生成为两个维度,建构了新乡贤组织的四种理想类型:互益型、辅助型、分利型、协商型。在此基础上,文章通过案例分析的方式,从个人行动、社会网络与现存制度环境三个层面论述了四类新乡贤组织的形成、演变与职能,并以十个村验证了四种类型的划分,从而进一步讨论了新乡贤组织得以产生的适用条件,以及在地精英或候鸟精英、文化精英或政经精英与新乡贤组织演生的关系。

Political Leverage and Institutional Arrangement:The Evolution and Typology of New County Elite Organizations

New county elite organizations are not“one side of a thousand villages”.Because of the distinction between“endogenous”and“external”aspects in the process of institutional evolution,as well as the differences in resource endowment of village elites,different forms of new county elite organizations have emerged.Based on an investigation of the evolution of new county elite organizations in ten villages in Northern and Southern Zhejiang,this article constructs four ideal types of new county elite organizations,namely,a mutual benefit type,an auxiliary type,a profit-sharing type and a consultation type,taking the“political leverage of members”and“the institutional arrangement evolution”as two dimensions.Then,the study analyzes the formation,evolution and functions of four types of new county elite organizations from three aspects of individual action,social network and existing institutional environment.Finally,it verifies the four types of divisions in ten villages,and further discusses the applicable conditions for the emergence of new county elite organizations,as well as the relationship between the emergence of new county elite organizations and local elites or migrant elites,cultural elites or political and economic elites.