合作社类型、治理机制与经营绩效

治理机制是农业产业化经营组织有效运营的关键,其完善程度影响经营绩效。本文基于中国4省(区)7个地级市221家农民合作社的访谈问卷数据,探究以合作社为纽带的产业化经营组织类型、治理机制与经营绩效之间的关系。结果表明:合约治理不仅对合作社经营绩效产生直接的正向影响,还能通过促进关系治理间接提升经营绩效,合约治理与关系治理存在互补而非替代关系;不同类型合作社的合约治理程度存在显著性差异,但关系治理水平较为相似。相较于公司从属型合作社,原生型合作社的合约治理水平较低,公司主导型合作社的合约治理程度较高。因此,合作社需要审视缔结的产业化经营组织特征,妥善运用合约治理与关系治理两类机制,提高合作社经营绩效。

Cooperative Types,Governance Mechanisms and Operating Performance

Governance mechanism is the key to effective operation of agricultural industrialized organizations,and its degree of perfection affects business performance.Based on interview survey data collected from 221 cooperatives in 7 cities of 4 provinces(regions)in China,this article explores the relationship among types of industrialized management organizations,governance mechanisms and operating performance that use cooperatives as a link.The results show that contractual governance not only has a direct positive impact on operating performance of cooperatives,but also indirectly improves operating performance by promoting relational governance.There is a complementary rather than substitute relationship between contractual governance and relational governance.There is a significant difference in the degree of contractual governance between different types of cooperatives,but the level of relational governance is relatively similar.Compared with company-affiliated cooperatives,original cooperatives have a lower level of contractual governance,while company-led cooperatives have a higher level of contractual governance.Therefore,cooperatives need to examine organizational characteristics of industrialized management organizations in which they have participated,and properly use contractual and relational governance mechanisms to improve their operating performance.