产业转型升级背景下的新生代农民工失业和离职——基于就业能力的分析框架

当前,新生代农民工与城市各个产业尤其是制造业有机相连,成为城市社会生活不可或缺的一部分。然而,随着国内产业转型升级的不断推进,许多企业和众多新生代农民工都面临用工与就业的严峻考验。对于新生代农民工而言,就业能力是决定其就业的核心与本质问题。文章采用Fugate(2004)对就业能力的划分,从职业认同、个人适应性、人力和社会资本分析新生代农民工就业能力的现状。在此基础上,提出新生代农民工失业和离职问题的分析框架:就业能力无法满足市场和用人单位的需求导致新生代农民工失业;就业能力虽满足市场和用人单位的需求,但由于企业无法满足其基本诉求,导致新生代农民工离职频繁。基于此,提出对未实现就业的新生代农民工,应通过政府政策支持和新民工自我管理,提升其就业能力,进而实现就业;对已实现就业的新民工,应建立组织支持契合,积极开展指导关系项目,降低其离职倾向,在实现稳定就业的基础上实现优质就业。

Unemployment and Turnover of New-generation Migrant Workers in the Context of Industrial Transformation and Upgrading-An Analytical Framework Based on Employability

At present,new-generation migrant workers engage in various industries,especially in manufacturing industry,and become an indispensable part of the urban social life. However, with the continuous progress of domestic industrialtransformation and upgrading,both many enterprises and numerous new-generation migrant workers are facing the severesituation of recruitment and employment. The employability is the essential element to determine the employment fornew-generation migrant workers. The paper applies Fugate （2004） to classify the employability,and analyzes the presentsituation of the employability of new-generation migrant workers from the perspectives of professional identity,adaptabili-ty,human capital and social capital. Based on the study,the paper puts forward the analytical framework of unemploymentand turnover of new-generation migrant workers： the employability of new-generation migrant workers cannot match the re-quirements of labor market and enterprises,which leads to unemployment; although the employability of new-generationmigrant workers can match the requirements of labor market and enterprises,the enterprises cannot meet their basic de-mands, which results in frequent turnover. Therefore, the paper proposes that we should improve the employability ofnew-generation migrant workers in order to realize employment through the support of government policies and theirself-management for unemployed migrant workers; we should also reduce turnover and realize high quality employment onthe basis of stable employment through the establishment of organizational support fit and the active development of mentor-ing relationship projects for employed migrant workers.