土地退化中性研究的国际进展及其中国路径

研究目的:系统论述"土地退化中性"的概念内涵、理论框架、实践探索与潜在风险,为中国生态文明框架下的国土空间生态修复、国土综合整治和美丽国土建设提供参考依据.研究方法:文献研究法、案例分析法.研究结果:(1)土地退化中性理论围绕平衡机制构建,基于土地数量与质量"无净损失"这一具体目标,多措并举阻碍、减少与修复自然环境恶化,继而实现保障粮食安全、协调生态系统与人类健康发展的目标;(2)来自国外的经验证明,土地退化中性理论在实践中仍存在评价指标及参数选择标准化、土地规划与中性目标的有效衔接、政策法规与部门职能界限模糊、各类要素供给滞后、多方主体间利益协调等问题;(3)土地退化中性研究的国际经验,对于中国正在推进的国土空间规划、国土空间生态修复、国土综合整治以及耕地占补平衡机制创新等都有重要启示.研究结论:面对中国日趋复杂的区域性生态问题,可以借鉴土地退化中性理论和思想,统筹国土空间的整体保护、系统修复和综合治理,优化国土空间整治修复结构布局,促进建立更加完善的国土空间生态修复制度.

International Research Progress of Land Degradation Neutrality and Its Implications in China

The purposes of this paper are to discuss the conceptual connotation, theoretical framework, international practice and potential risks of land degradation neutrality systematically, which is raised by the United Nation, and to provide a reference for the beautiful land construction under the framework of China’s ecological civilization. The methods of literature review and case analysis are employed. The result shows that the land degradation neutrality theory is built upon the balancing mechanism. Based on the specific goal of "no net loss" of land quantity and quality, multiple measures should be taken simultaneously to hinder, reduce and repair the deterioration of natural environment, and then achieve the goal of ensuring food security and coordinating the development of ecosystem and human health. The experience abroad has proved that there are some problems in the practice of land degradation neutrality theory, such as standardization of evaluation indicators and parameter selection, effective linking between land planning and neutral goals, blurred boundaries between policies and regulations and departmental functions, lagging supply of various factors, and coordination of interests among multiple parties. The international experience on land degradation neutrality research provides important implications for the ongoing territorial spatial planning, ecological restoration, land comprehensive consolidation as well as the innovation of the balancing mechanism of cultivated land occupation and reclamation in China. In conclusion, facing the increasingly complex regional ecological problems in China, we can refer to the theory and thought concerning land degradation neutrality, coordinate the overall conservation, systematic restoration and comprehensive treatment of territorial space, optimize the layout of territorial space renovation and restoration structure, and promote the establishment of a rather perfect ecological restoration system of territorial space.