多尺度视角下高校教育用地集约利用评价研究 ——以山东省为例

研究目的:从宏观—中观—微观尺度研究山东省高校教育用地集约利用水平并提出相关对策建议,对土地供给侧结构性改革背景下制定科学合理的高校用地政策具有参考价值。研究方法:多因素综合评价法、空间分异法、对比分析法。研究结果:(1)宏观尺度上,全省高校教育用地集约利用得分为79.45分,全省67所高校中最高为100分、最低仅为35.68分,差异明显;不同类型高校得分也存在显著差距,部分院校特色用地安排不足;(2)中观尺度上,全省高校教育用地集约利用空间格局与区域经济发展水平基本吻合,呈现由东向西递减的空间特征。城市规模等级与土地集约利用水平存在正相关,等级越高,集约程度越高;(3)微观尺度上,老校区集约度高于新校区;经翻修和扩建后的老校区,集约水平高于非教学用地比重大的老校区。研究结论:山东省高校教育用地集约利用水平不高且区域差异明显,建设时间、区位条件、结构布局等是影响高校教育用地集约利用水平的主要因素,不同情况下的高校建设标准应酌情考虑。

Evaluation on the Intensive Use of Higher Education Land with Multiple Perspectives: A Case Study of Shandong Province

The paper is to study the level of intensive use of higher education land in Shandong Province from the macro-medium-micro scale, to put forward relevant suggestions, and to provide reference for the establishment of a scientific and reasonable policy for higher education land use under the background of land supply-side structural reform. The methods of multi-factor comprehensive evaluation, spatial differentiation and comparative analysis are used. The results indicate that: 1)on the macro scale, the score of intensive use of higher education land in the province was 79.45, with the highest score of 100 among the 67 universities in Shandong, and the lowest score of 35.68 points. The gap in the scores of higher education types in Shandong Province is relatively obvious, and some specialized ones confront with inadequate education land supply. 2)On the medium scale, the spatial pattern of intensive use of higher education land in Shandong Province is basically consistent with regional economic development level, and the spatial distribution of intensive use decreases from east to west. There is a positive correlation between urban scale and intensive utilization level of higher education land use i.e., the larger the urban scale is, the higher the intensive level is. 3)On the micro scale, the intensive degree of the old campus is higher than that of the new campus. The old campus that has experienced renovation and expansion has a higher intensive level than the old campus where is occupied by the non-teaching tasks. It is concluded that the level of intensive use of higher education land in Shandong Province is generally not high and regional differences are significant. Construction time, location conditions and structure of land use are the main factors affecting the intensive level of higher education land use. And the construction standards of universities under different circumstances should be considered.