中国农民工的阶级属性与社会身份—基于马克思主义政治经济学的审视

农民工是我国城市化过程中出现的一个特殊群体,如何处理好农民工问题及进一步发挥好农民工的作用,从根本上看,就需要对农民工的阶级属性和社会身份进行科学的界定,并让其阶级属性和社会身份朝着合理的方向转化.文章从马克思主义政治经济学的视角,基于农民工对生产资料的占有关系,对农民工的阶级属性和社会身份加以界定,认为我国农民工在阶级属性上属于半无产者,在社会身份则为半工半农,而后者是由前者所决定的.然后,文章利用2015年度中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据实证分析了农民工对自身阶级属性和社会身份的认同,并检验了上述理论观点.最后,文章将我国农民工未来发展趋势归纳为四种可能性,并指出我国农民工可能在较长时间内维持半工半农的身份和地位.因此,要妥善地处理好农民工问题,需要在政策设计上使农民摆脱现有的尴尬处境,朝着符合自身发展的方向转化.

The Class Attribute and Social Identity of Migrant Workers in China: Based on Marxist Political Economics

Summary: The migrant worker is a special group of employees in China,which has caught the attention from the academia home and abroad. However,the existing research on the class attribute and social identity, and the logical relationship between the two of the migrant worker still has a vague understanding,and it is very difficult to set a clear policy plan for solving the problem of the migrant worker. Under the background of the 19th CPC National Congress putting forward socialism with Chinese characteristics into the new era and Rural Revitalization,there is still room to define their class attribute and social identity,and to necessarily ana-lyze the internal logic between them theoretically. Based on the perspective of Marxist political economics and on the basis of combing the relevant literat- ure,this paper firstly puts forward and analyzes theoretically that the migrant worker in China is semi-prolet-ariat in the class attribute,their social identity is half-worker and half-peasant,and the latter is caused by the former;then,using the data of Chinese General Social Survey 2015,the paper empirically analyzes the iden-tity of the migrant worker on their class attribute and social identity,and the above theoretical view is suppor-ted;finally,based on theoretical and empirical analyses,the future trend and way out of the migrant worker are predicted. According to the above research idea,the following conclusions can be drawn:first,the migrant worker not only has a strong sense of identity with their class attribute of semi-proletariat and half-worker and half-peasant of social identity,but also the sense of identity is greatly influenced by factors such as education level, own housing,income level,social security,labor contracts,union participation and so on;secondly,the mi-grant worker in China may maintain social status of half-worker and half-peasant in a long period of time;thirdly,there are mainly two way out for the future development of the migrant worker:one part of the mi-grant worker will transform into urban workers in the full sense;the other part of the migrant worker will transform into peasant household in the real sense. The conclusions of the paper provide important policy implications for solving the problem of the mi-grant worker:first,the government should adhere to the idea of people centered in ideology and make long-term preparations for ideology,the model of "Great Leap Forward" and "one-size-fits-all" can not be made;second,the government should focus on strengthening the vocational education and training of the migrant worker,improving the income level of the migrant worker,encouraging and supporting the migrant worker to own urban housing,improving the social security of the migrant worker,supervising the employers and the migrant worker to sign labor contracts,and guiding the migrant worker to join the union. In a word,the contributions of this study are mainly reflected in three aspects:first,the greatest contribu-tion is based on the perspective of Marxist political economics,and constructs a theoretical framework for ana-lyzing the class attribute and social identity of the migrant worker;second,the theoretical framework is proved and a consistent conclusion is drawn from the empirical analysis;third,measuring the future development trend and way out of the migrant worker,and the paper provides a reference for the direction of the govern-ment's efforts.