美国贸易法301条款的修订及其启示

美国贸易法301条款是一项可以单方启动调查并认定他国法律、政策、行为违反协定或者不公平继而实施报复制裁的对外贸易措施,分为普通301条款、特别301条款与超级301条款。301条款最初简明规定了总统的权力和国会的否认权,但其后的修订对301条款的内容进行了扩展并使其更具体化。特别是301条款根据《2015年贸易便捷和贸易促进法》做出重大修改,涵盖了WTO体系尚未涵盖但最近已纳入自贸协定的新领域。然而,这些针对外国贸易活动的单方决定和措施附加等至今备受争议,且已对强调多边贸易争端解决的WTO体系构成严重威胁。美国贸易法301条款的修订主要围绕着美国贸易代表办公室(USTR)的措施、决定、对外国政府相关政策的监督、确认贸易自由化的优先顺序以及知识产权不适当保护的应对等内容进行。针对美国不断启动的301条款调查,我国应与美国积极开展沟通与协商,加强与美国产业界的接触和交流,发挥全球化程度高的企业的作用,力争以谈话和谈判化解矛盾;促进产业转型升级,重新审视“走出去”战略;履行加入WTO时的承诺,完善全方位的开放体制;合理拓展中国企业的海外利益,完善风险防范机制。

The Amendment of Section 301 in US Trade Law and the Implication of That

The Section 301 in US Trade law is one of the foreign trade measures which can launch a unilateral investigation and affirm ifother country’s law,policy or behavior go against agreement or be unfair,and then crack down.The Section 301 can be divided into normal 301,special 301,and super 301.The initial Section 301 stipulate president’s power and theCongress’s right to veto;but later,the amended Section 301 is expanded and concrete.According to Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015,Section 301 has been amended significantly;and it covers some new fields that have not been covered by the WTO system,but have been involved in Free Trade Agreement.However,until now,these unilateral decision and measures have been in disputes;and these have been brought the WTO system,which is a multilateral trading dispute settlement system,with threats.The amendment of Section 301 is about USTR’s measures,decisions,supervision on foreign governments’related policies,and so on.In respond to the continuously launched Section 301 investigation,China should,first,positively communicate and negotiate with the US,strengthen contact and dialog with American business communities,give full play to the role of enterprises with higher level of globalization,and try to solve the conflicts with the help of talks an negotiation;second,China should promote industrial transformation and upgrade and reconsider the“going out”strategy;third,China should honor the WOT commitments and be committed to the all-around opening-up system;and fourth,China should rationally expand overseas interests and perfect the risk prevention system.