数字服务贸易国际竞争力比较及对我国启示

数字服务贸易是指通过网络跨境传输交付的产品和服务贸易,是数字贸易的重要组成部分。数字服务贸易深刻影响国际贸易分工、分配关系,引发国际社会广泛关注,各国围绕跨境数据流动、数据存储规则、知识产权保护、数字服务监管等的博弈日益激烈。基于联合国贸发会议统计框架和相关数据对全球数字服务贸易发展态势进行分析,并通过国际市场占有率、贸易竞争力指数、显性比较优势指数对主要经济体数字服务贸易国际竞争力进行比较后发现,全球数字服务贸易增长迅猛,正成为服务贸易增长关键动力,推动全球贸易向服务化方向发展;从细分子类看,与信息通信技术(ICT)高度相关的计算机和信息服务贸易增长最快,金融、保险、工程研发等传统服务贸易增长较慢;从主要经济体看,发展中国家与发达国家数字服务贸易在规模、占比和竞争力水平上均存在较大差距,并呈现出一定扩大趋势。我国应把握数字服务贸易发展机遇,推动数字服务产业创新发展,鼓励和支持企业参与全球数字服务分工,完善数字服务治理体系,与相似发展水平的国家一同推动包容性数字贸易规则体系的建设。

Comparison of International Competitiveness of Digital Service Trade and Its Enlightenment to China

Digital service trade refers to the trade of products and services delivered through cross-border network transmission,which is an important part of digital trade.Digital service trade has a profound impact on the division of labor and distribution of international trade,which has aroused widespread concern of the international community.The game among countries around cross-border data flow,data storage rules,intellectual property protection,digital service supervision and so on is increasingly fierce.Based on the UNCTAD statistical framework and relevant data,the authors analyze the development trend of global digital services trade,and compares the international competitiveness of digital services trade of major economies through the international market share,trade competitiveness index and dominant comparative advantage index.It is found that:the rapid growth of global digital service trade is becoming a key driving force for the growth of service trade,promoting the development of global trade to the direction of service;from the perspective of the micro category,the computer and information service trade highly related to ICT has the fastest growth,while the traditional service trade such as finance,insurance,engineering research and development has a slow growth;from the perspective of major economies,There is a big gap among developing countries and developed countries in terms of the scale,proportion and competitiveness of digital service trade,which shows a certain trend of expansion.China should seize the development opportunity of digital services trade,promote the innovation and development of digital services industry,encourage and support enterprises to participate in the global division of digital services,improve the governance system of digital services,and promote the establishment of inclusive digital trade rules system together with countries with similar development level.