议论公文的语言特点

公文的制作目的和内容，决定了它的文体特点，也决定了它的语言特点。公文的语言特点表现在三个方面：其一，大量使用专用词语。公文在表示人称指代、经办时态、引叙期请、征询期复、过渡结尾等方面都有大量的专门用语。这些专门语言简意赅、庄重凝练，都有其自身涵义的确定性和附加的文体色彩，都有独特的表达作用，很难以其他词语来代替。公文的明确简要性和庄重风格的形成同约定俗成地使用这些专门用语有着直接关系。其二，大量使用具有独特效用的常用语句。公文频繁使用带有命令语气、禁止语气和请求语气和祈使语句，以表达其行文目的；大量运用介词结构充当语句的定语和状语，以使其内容表达准确严密；大量运用联合词组充当语句的各种成分，以使表意简洁周全；大量运用非名词性词充当及物动词的宾语，以使语气铿锵，色彩庄重；公文语言中保留了一些文言句式并大量使用，表现了公文语言的严谨特点。其三，大量使用特殊的修辞手法。公文语言讲究典雅、谦敬、简缩、撮要、引据、分条、关联和语势力度。这些特殊的修辞保征了公文语言的平实、明快和庄重。

The Essay on the Language Characteristic of Official Doucument

The style and language characteristic of official document depend on the ptirpose andcontent of formulating and distributing it. There are three kinds of language characteristic of offed document. Firstly it uses a large number of technical terms. These terms are concise and serious, and they the have the added literary flavour. Because of their unique function they can notbe replaced by other words. Secondly it uese common words and sentences which have speicalfunction. The official document frequently uses imperative sentences to express its purpose; It also uses a large number of prepositional phrases as attributes and adverbials to express its contentcorrectly and closely ; It uses a large number of combined phrases as all kinds of sentence composition to make official document concise ; It uses many non--noun phrases to as objects of transitive verbs to make the mood serious; There are some ancient Chinese sentences frequently uesd inofficial document to show its seriousness.Lastly it uses speCial figtirative language. The special figurative languages make the officialdocument lucid and lively.