创新型城市建设的区域协同创新效应研究

创新是第一动力，创新驱动发展需要构建区域协同的国家创新体系。现有研究表明，国家创新型城市建设试点政策的实施有效提升了试点城市的创新水平并带动了其他城市的创新发展，但其是否促进了区域协同创新有待进一步研究且缺乏经验证据。本文认为，创建国家创新型城市会促使试点城市的创新环境改善、创新要素聚集和创新能力提升，从而推动创新创业活动的增加并加快高新技术产业的发展，由此产生的合作创新需求增长以及合作创新环境改善会进一步促进试点城市与其他城市之间的创新合作，进而有利于区域协同创新发展，且试点城市的合作创新能力越强、合作创新环境越好则这种区域协同创新促进效应越强。将国家创新型城市建设试点作为一项准自然实验，采用2003—2019年276个地级市的数据，用人均合作专利数来刻画城市间合作创新水平，进而运用双重差分法分析试点政策对城市合作创新的影响，结果发现：国家创新型城市建设试点政策的实施对试点城市与其他城市之间的合作创新具有显著的正向影响，该结论在经过删除省会城市样本、PSM-DID检验、试点时间滞后处理、控制其他试点政策影响、安慰剂检验等一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立，表明试点政策有效促进了区域协同创新；试点政策的实施显著促进了试点城市的创新创业活动和高新技术产业发展，表明创建国家创新型城市可以通过加快试点城市的创新发展和产业升级来促进区域协同创新；试点政策的区域协同创新促进效应在东部地区比中部和西部地区更为显著，表明提高合作创新能力和改善合作创新环境有利于该政策效应的充分发挥。相比已有文献，本文从区域协同创新视角拓展了国家创新型城市建设试点的政策效应分析，并为创新型城市建设对区域协同创新的促进作用提供了经验证据，从创新创业活动和高新技术产业发展两个方面进行的作用机制分析以及地区异质性考察则有利于试点政策的完善和区域协同创新的推进。本文研究表明，创建国家创新型城市在加快试点城市创新和高新技术产业发展的同时也促进了区域协同创新。因此，应继续大力推进和推广国家创新型城市建设试点，构建布局合理的创新型城市网络，并强化创新合作和创新驱动，进而推动形成区域协同的高水平国家创新体系。

Research on Regional Collaborative Innovation Effectof Innovative City Construction

Innovation is the first driving force, and it is necessary to build a national innovation system with regional coordination to drive development through innovation. Existing research shows that the implementation of the policy of building national innovation cities has effectively improved the innovation level of the pilot cities and driven the innovation development of other cities, but whether it has promoted regional coordinated innovation needs further research and lacks empirical evidence. This paper argues that the creation of national innovative cities will improve the innovation environment, gather innovation elements and enhance the innovation capacity of pilot cities, thus promoting the increase of innovation and entrepreneurship activities and accelerating the development of high-tech industries. The resulting growth in cooperative innovation demand and improvement of the cooperative innovation environment will further promote innovation cooperation between pilot cities and other cities, thus benefiting the development of regional collaborative innovation. The stronger the cooperative innovation capacity and the better the cooperative innovation environment of the pilot cities, the stronger the regional collaborative innovation promotion effect. This paper took the construction of national innovative cities as a quasi-natural experiment, used the data of 276 prefecture-level cities from 2003 to 2019, used the number of per capita cooperative patents to depict the cooperative innovation level between cities, and then used the double difference method to analyze the impact of pilot policy on the cooperative innovation of cities. The results found that the implementation of the pilot policy for the construction of national innovative cities has a significant positive effect on the cooperation and innovation between the pilot cities and other cities. This conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests such as removing provincial capital city samples, PSM-DID test, pilot time lag treatment, controlling the influence of other pilot policies, and placebo test, indicating that the pilot policy effectively promotes regional collaborative innovation; the implementation of the pilot policy significantly promotes the innovation and entrepreneurship activities and the development of high-tech industries in the pilot cities, indicating that the creation of national innovative cities can promote regional collaborative innovation by accelerating the innovation development and industrial upgrading of the pilot cities; the regional collaborative innovation promotion effect of the pilot policy is more significant in the eastern region than in the central and western regions, indicating that improving the ability of cooperation and innovation and improving the environment of cooperation and innovation are conducive to the full play of the policy effect. Compared to existing literature, this paper expands the policy effect analysis of the national innovation city construction pilot from the perspective of regional collaborative innovation and provides empirical evidence for the promotion of innovation city construction on regional collaborative innovation. This paper analyzes the mechanism of innovation and entrepreneurship and the development of high-tech industry and studies regional heterogeneity, which is conducive to the improvement of pilot policies and the promotion of regional collaborative innovation. The research of this paper shows that the creation of national innovative cities has promoted regional collaborative innovation while accelerating innovation and high-tech industry development in the pilot cities. Therefore, it is necessary to continue to vigorously promote and extend the national innovation city construction pilot, build a reasonable layout of innovative city networks, strengthen innovation cooperation and innovation drive, and promote the formation of a high-level national innovation system with regional collaboration.