空间关联视域下河南省农民工返乡创业外部环境评价研究

［目的］鼓励农民工返乡创业是实施乡村振兴战略的根本措施之一，良好的外部环境为农民工返乡创业发展提供了际遇。以河南省为研究对象，展开对农民工返乡创业外部环境的综合评价。［方法］基于人口省内流动的前提条件，依据“就地就近就业”的基本原则，即承认外部资源在局部范围内可共享，运用空间自相关分析法探索外部环境在县域、市域和省域三级尺度下的空间关联变化，剖析农民工的潜在流动趋势，运用地理加权回归解释各类型因子影响程度的空间分异特征。［结果］河南省农民工返乡创业外部环境随尺度增大，集聚程度减弱，局部关联性增强； 基本形成以郑州、开封和洛阳东西一线的两个内向引力区和豫南地区的两个外向扩散区。经济、生活、劳动力和基础设施4类制约因素影响程度空间分异特征明显。［结论］为省域层面和农民工返乡创业试点县外部环境分类优化提供了科学依据。

STUDY ON EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT EVALUATION OF STARTING A BUSINESS BY RETURNING HOME FOR RURAL MIGRANT WORKERS IN HENAN PROVINCE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SPATIAL ASSOCIATION

It is the basic guarantee for implementing the strategy of rural revitalization that encouraging migrant workers to return to their hometowns. Advantageous working and living environment provides an opportunity for the rural workers to start a business or work. Taking Henan province as the research object, a comprehensive evaluation aimed at the external environment to start a business for migrant workers is launched. According to the basic principle of local employment that external resources can be shared nearest local area and taking the preconditions of the mobility within the province into account, the characteristics of spatial correlation changes of the external environment at the county, city and provincial levels respectively was explored by using the spatial auto correlation analysis method, in order to analyze the potential flow trends of migrant workers. And then, the spatial differentiation characteristics of the impact degree for each type of factors is explained by using the methods of geographically weighted regression. The results showed that with the increasing of spatial scale, the degree of agglomeration for external environment was weakened and the local correlation was enhanced in Henan province. Two inward gravitational zones along Zhengzhou Kaifeng Luoyang cities from east to west and two outward diffusion zones in southern Henan were typical spatial region features. The four types of constraints of economy, life, labor and infrastructure had obvious spatial differentiation characteristics. The results provide a scientific basis for the optimization of the external environment under the classification guidelines from the provincial level, especially for pilot counties.