农机社会化服务对玉米生产技术效率的影响研究

[目的]农业现代化离不开农业生产效率的提升,研究农机社会化服务对玉米生产技术效率的作用效果,从而推动农机社会化服务与粮食生产的共同发展。[方法]文章基于2019年对12省区农户调查数据,通过随机前沿模型和倾向得分匹配法(PSM),分析农机社会化服务对玉米生产技术效率的影响效果。[结果]目前整体上我国农户玉米生产技术效率较高,不同农户间技术效率差异较大;农机社会化服务对玉米生产技术效率存在正向影响效应,Rosenbaum边界估计结果与敏感性分析说明变量的选择性偏差控制在合理范围之内,即使无法完全避免遗漏变量,其研究结果依然稳健可信。[结论]农机社会化服务对玉米种植技术效率的影响净效应为11.2%～11.6%。因此在玉米种植中进一步推广农机社会化服务,确实将有助于我国玉米种植的技术效率、提升要素配置水平,有效实现小规模农户和现代农业发展有机衔接,助力我国实现农业现代化与保障粮食安全。

RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIALIZED SERVICE OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ON CORN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY EFFICIENCY

Agricultural modernization is inseparable from the improvement of agricultural production efficiency. This research aims to study the effect of the socialized services of agricultural machinery on the technical efficiency of corn production, so as to promote the common development of the socialized services of agricultural machinery and food production. Based on the survey data of rural households in 12 provinces in 2019, the effect of the socialized services of agricultural machinery on the technical efficiency of corn production was analyzed through the stochastic frontier model and the propensity score matching method (PSM). At present, the overall technical efficiency of corn production for farmers in my country was relatively high. Moreover, the technical efficiency of different farmers varied greatly. Socialized services of agricultural machinery had a positive effect on the efficiency of corn production technology. The Rosenbaum boundary estimation results and sensitivity analysis indicated that the selective deviation of variables was controlled within a reasonable range. Even if the omitted variables could not be completely avoided, the research results were still robust and credible. The net effect of the socialized services of agricultural machinery on the efficiency of corn planting technology is 11.2%-11.6%. Therefore, the further promotion of the socialized services of agricultural machinery in corn planting will indeed help the technical efficiency of corn planting in my country, improve the level of factor allocation, effectively realize the organic connection between small-scale farmers and modern agricultural development, and help my country realize agricultural modernization and ensure food security.