环境规制对不同规模生猪养殖的影响研究——基于“减排”和“增效”双重视角的考察

目的]为检验环境规制在生猪养殖产业中是否实现了"减排"和"增效"的双赢。方法]文章通过计量实证方法对2004—2017年中国生猪养殖的环境效率和绿色全要素生产率进行了测度,并分别考察了环境规制对生猪养殖的环境效率和绿色全要素生产率的影响。结果]在样本考察期内,小规模、中规模、大规模生猪养殖的环境效率均值依次为0.938、0.965和0.952,且3个规模生猪养殖环境效率在时间上均呈现上升趋势。同时,在此期间小规模、中规模、大规模生猪养殖的绿色全要素生产率的年均增长速度依次为1.6%、1.1%和1.7%,均实现了较快速度增长。在小规模和大规模生猪养殖中,环境规制对生猪养殖的环境效率和绿色全要素生产率均有显著的正向影响,而在中规模生猪养殖中,环境规制对生猪养殖的环境效率和绿色全要素生产率均没有产生影响。结论]环境规制对生猪养殖的环境效率和绿色全要素生产率均具有一定的促进作用,说明对生猪养殖而言,环境规制能够实现"降污"和"增效"的双赢,但这种现象更多的存在于小规模和大规模生猪养殖中。对于环境效率一直处在较高水平的中规模生猪养殖而言,环境规制对环境效率和绿色全要素生产率均没有影响。

THE RESEARCH OF THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION ON PIG BREEDING OF DIFFERENT SCALESBASED ON THE DUAL PERSPECTIVES ANALYSIS OF "POLLUTION REDUCTION" AND "PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT"

This paper aims to test whether environmental regulation has achieved a win-win situation for "pollution reduction" and "performance enhancement" in the pig breeding industry. Utilizing quantitative empirical methods, this paper measured the environmental efficiency and the green total factor productivity of Chinese pig breeding from 2004 to 2017, and examined the effects of environmental regulation on the environmental efficiency and the green total factor productivity of pig breeding respectively. The results showed that during the sample inspection period, the average environmental efficiency of small-scale, medium-scale, and large-scale pig breeding was 0.938, 0.965, and 0.952, and the environmental efficiency of all three scales of pig breeding showed an upward trend over time. At the same time, during this period, the average annual growth rate of green total factor productivity of small-scale, medium-scale, and large-scale pig breeding was 1.6%, 1.1%, and 1.7%, which were all relatively high. In small-scale and large-scale pig breeding, environmental regulation had a significant positive impact on the environmental efficiency and the green total factor productivity of pig breeding respectively, while in medium-scale pig breeding, environmental regulation did not affect the environmental efficiency and the green total factor productivity of pig breeding. In summary, environmental regulation has a certain promoting effect on the environmental efficiency and the green total factor productivity of pig breeding, indicating that for pig breeding, environmental regulation can achieve a win-win situation for "sewage reduction" and "efficiency enhancement", but this phenomenon exists more in small-scale and large-scale pig breeding. For medium-scale pig breeding where environmental efficiency has been high, environmental regulation has no impact on the environmental efficiency and the green total factor productivity.