基于区块链技术的跨境供应链溯源方法研究

针对跨境贸易过程中多主体之间信息不对称、物流追溯困难、报关手续繁琐等问题,提出了一种基于区块链技术的跨境供应链溯源的方法,并进行了系统方案及业务流程的设计。利用区块链结合RFID、二维码、GPS等物联网技术,实时追踪货物运输路径并采集其位置数据,实现一物一码,将商品从原材料采购、生产、运输、分销、零售等全链路的物流信息,以及其过程中产生的单据、仓单文件写入区块链,形成分布式跨境物流信息共享账本。该方法可以保障每件货物的唯一性与真实性,实现跨境供应链的可信溯源,便于检验检疫、海关、政府、税务局等权威机构线上监管。

Method of Cross-border Supply Chain Tracing Based on Blockchain Technology

In order to solve the problems of asymmetric information,difficult logistics traceability,and complicated customs declaration procedures in the process of cross-border trade,this paper proposed a cross-border supply chain tracing system based on the blockchain technology,and designed the scheme and working process of the system.Combining blockchain with IoT technologies such as RFID,QR code and GPS,it could track the transportation path of goods in real time and collect the location data of the goods to realize unique code for the goods,and write the logistics information of the goods from the whole process of raw material procurement,production,transportation,distribution and retail,as well as the documents and warehouse receipt files generated along the process into the blockchain,thus forming a distributed cross-border logistics information sharing ledger.The method proposed in this paper could guarantee the uniqueness and authenticity of each goods,realize the credible traceability along the cross-border supply chain,and facilitate the online supervision by the inspection and quarantine,customs,government,tax bureau and other authorities.