社会保障对城乡老年人的贫困削减效应

本文利用FGT指数测算了城乡老年人的贫困状况,探讨了社会保障对城乡老年人贫困削减的影响。研究表明:被养老保障覆盖的城乡老年人贫困状况均有明显改善,贫困发生率下降,贫困深度和贫困强度降低;农村医疗保障制度的贫困削减效应要弱于城镇医疗保障制度;得到社会救助的城乡老年人的贫困发生率反而更高,但是,农村社会救助明显降低了农村老年人的贫困深度和贫困强度。计量模型分析表明:养老保障、医疗保障和社会救助均对城镇老年人贫困削减有显著影响,享受养老保障和医疗保障的城镇老年人陷入贫困的概率更小,而享受社会救助的城镇老年人反而更易于陷入贫困;养老保障对农村老年人的贫困削减同样有显著作用,医疗保障和社会救助的影响并不显著。

Effects of Poverty Reduction of Social Security for Urban-Rural Elderly Population

Purpose of this paper is to measure poverty level of urban-rural elderly population by using FGT index,and further to discuss effects of poverty reduction of social security.The results show that urban-rural elderly population with old age security suffer a lower poverty incidence,depth of poverty index and severity of poverty index.Effects of poverty reduction of rural medical security are weaker than that of urban medical security.Urban-rural elderly population with social assistance suffer a higher poverty incidence,but rural social assistance cuts down depth and severity of poverty index of rural elderly population.Econometric models show that old age security,medical security and social assistance have a significant effect of poverty reduction for urban elderly population,which urban elderly population with old age security or medical security have a smaller probability to fail into poverty,but on the contrary,urban elderly population with social assistance are more likely to fail into poverty.Old age security also has a significant effect of poverty reduction for rural elderly population,but medical security and social assistance have not significant effect likely.