Approaching paradox: Loving and hating mega-events |
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Affiliation: | 1. Institut de Géographie et Durabilité, Université de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;2. Geographisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland;3. Center for Global Urbanism, Ural Federal University, 51 Lenin Ave, 620142 Ekaterinburg, Russia |
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Abstract: | This paper examines the role of paradoxes in research and proposes strategies of engaging with them. For this purpose, it analyses the ways in which six paradoxes are constitutive of sports mega-events such as the Olympic Games: the universalism paradox, the compliance paradox, the winner's paradox, the participation paradox, the uniqueness paradox and the passion paradox. It then develops three strategies of how researchers and practitioners can approach paradox. The first, exploration, examines the consequences and effects of the ambiguity of paradoxes. The second, differentiation, enquires into the spatio-temporal and social make-up of paradoxes. The third, reframing, recasts paradoxes by shifting theoretical perspectives. Instead of pressing to resolve paradoxes, researchers and practitioners alike should make productive use of their ambiguity. |
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Keywords: | Paradox Mega-events Modernity Critical event studies Olympic Games World Cup |
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