Exploring tour guiding styles: The perspective of tour leader roles |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Edinburgh Business School, Management Science and Business Economics Group, EH8 9JS Edinburgh, United Kingdom;2. Division of Statistics and Machine Learning, Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden;3. Cranfield University, Centre for Air Transport Management, MK43 0TR, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom;1. Wageningen University, The Netherlands;2. The University of Waikato, New Zealand;1. School of Tourism & Hospitality Management, Southern Cross University, Coolangatta, QLD 4225, Australia;2. School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Although previous studies have investigated the tour leadership styles of tour leaders, no scale is available for evaluation. The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable and valid measurement for assessing tour guiding styles from the perspective of tour leaders' roles. Following in-depth interviews, content analysis, and a Q-sort method, we generated the initial items. Twelve tour guiding styles were extracted from an exploratory factor analysis on 243 tour leaders. A confirmatory factor analysis on 474 tour members was then performed to identify the validity of the 43-item tour guiding styles scale. This study extends current knowledge of the tour guiding styles of tour leaders and provides a foundation for building future theoretical concepts of related constructs. The scale provides a useful tool for tour leaders to measure their guiding styles. Furthermore, the results can serve as a reference for travel agencies in arranging tour leaders. |
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| Keywords: | Tour leader Guiding style Package tour Measure |
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