Modeling of ecosystem services informs spatial planning in lands adjacent to the Sarvelat and Javaherdasht protected area in northern Iran |
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| Affiliation: | 1. PhD of Environmental planning, Research Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development (RIESD), Department of Environment (DOE), Iran;2. Scientist, Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia;3. Professor, Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan QLD4111, Australia;4. UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB259LX, UK;5. Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Planning, University of Tehran, Iran;6. Professor, Department of Environmental Planning, University of Tehran, Iran;7. Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran;8. Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia;1. CIRAD, Regional office of Central Africa, BP 2572 Yaounde, Cameroon;2. CIFOR, Central Africa hub, Yaounde, Cameroon;3. GIZ, Yaounde, Cameroon;4. University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon;5. University of Clermont I, Clermont-Ferrand, France;6. University of Kisangani, Kisangani, The Democratic Republic of Congo;1. Department of Geography, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;2. Center for Tropical Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;3. School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;4. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA;5. Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil;1. China National Forestry Economics and Development Research Center, China;2. Center for International Forestry Research, Indonesia;1. Hebei Academy of Forestry and Grassland Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050061, China;2. Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China;3. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China;4. Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;5. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Situ Gede, Bogor Barat, Jawa Barat 16115, Indonesia;1. Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand;2. Department of National Parks, Wildlife, and Plant Conservation, Bangkok, Thailand;3. Department of Geography and Geology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland |
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| Abstract: | Dynamic models of ecosystem services supply and scenario analysis of changes in multiple services are being increasingly used to support land use planning and decision making. This approach reduces potential and real conflicts among various stakeholders potentially creating win–win solutions for all. It is particularly applicable in areas where insufficient land for agriculture and settlements is resulting in high rates of conversion of natural forest and grasslands. We quantified and mapped multiple ecosystem services, including habitat provision as a proxy for biodiversity, carbon storage and sequestration, and water balance and supply in the Sarvelat and Javaherdasht region of the globally-significant Hyrcanian (Caspian) forests in northern Iran using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs tool. This region is experiencing a rapidly increasing rate of forest conversion and as a result, the protected area located within the study landscape is threatened by human encroachment. Plausible future landscapes were modeled under three scenarios: (i) business as usual; (ii) protection-based zoning which reflects an expansion of the protected area boundary to prevent land use changes; and (iii) collaborative zoning through redefining the protection boundary simultaneously with an adjustment to meet local stakeholders’ objective of expansion of anthropogenic cover. The results showed that the collaborative zoning scenario would best contribute to effective policy because it presents a more rational spatial configuration of the landscape maintaining the provision of ecosystem services. This scenario may lead to reduced environmental impacts while achieving less conflict between the government and local communities. These results will help to inform and shape natural resource management policies in Iran and is applicable elsewhere in the world. |
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| Keywords: | Land use scenario Collaborative zoning Land conversion Mapping InVEST Forested landscape |
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