Coping with change in rural landscapes: The psychological stress of rural residents experiencing unconventional gas developments |
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| Institution: | 1. The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;2. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA;1. Environmental Planning Laboratory (LABPLAM), Department of Urbanism and Spatial Planning, University of Granada, Spain;2. Environmental Planning Laboratory (LABPLAM), Department of Urbanism and Spatial, Planning, University of Granada, Spain;3. E.T.S. Ingeniería de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain, Spain;1. El Colegio de la Frontera Sur-Unidad Villahermosa, Km 15.5 Carr Reforma, 86280 Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico;2. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada 103 km, 22800 Ensenada, Mexico;1. Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;1. Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw University of Technology, Pl. Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland;2. Institute of Sociology, University of Warsaw, ul. Karowa 18, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland;3. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Ackerstrasse, CH-5070 Frick, Switzerland;1. Department of Chemistry, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Ave., Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia;2. Laboratory of Crystal Physics, Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, bld. 38 Akademgorodok 50, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia;3. Department of Engineering Physics and Radioelectronic, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Ave., Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia;4. Department of Physics, Far Eastern State Transport University, 47 Seryshev Str., Khabarovsk 680021, Russia;5. Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Irkutsk Favorsky Institute of Chemistry, SB RAS, 1 Favorsky, Irkutsk 664033, Russia;6. Laboratory of Optical Materials and Structures, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;7. Laboratory of Semiconductor and Dielectric Materials, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia |
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| Abstract: | Rural landscapes in many parts of the world are experiencing increasing pressure from competing uses. One particular use, unconventional natural gas extraction, has received considerable attention over the past decade owing to its rapid growth and associated impacts on rural landscapes. This study examined how a sample of Australian rural residents experienced the processes of psychological stress induced by a coal seam gas project that created perceived undesirable changes to resources they valued. Its effect on residents’ psychological well-being slowly unfolded over several years. We deconstructed the stress processes by investigating primary appraisal, secondary appraisal, and subsequent emotional and coping responses guided by the cognitive theory of stress and coping. Primary appraisal measured how the impacts of change on personal and communal resources were assessed while secondary appraisal gauged the options available to individuals to cope. Our results show that when primary appraisal alerts individuals of resource loss, negative emotions are more likely experienced. Such an appraisal directly drives engagement in eight coping strategies classified into four categories: problem-focused, support-based, emotion-focused, and maladaptive coping. It also motivates coping indirectly except for one strategy of emotion-focused coping mediated by negative emotions. While secondary appraisal also directly contributes to four coping strategies that each pertains to one of the four coping categories, it has no effect on negative emotions and four remaining coping strategies that are emotion-focused and maladaptive. These findings shed light on our understanding of the psychological consequences of undesirable change of land use on rural communities. Implications for land use policy are discussed with an emphasis on the need for considering a holistic perspective on the multi-dimensional nature of rural resources valued by community residents and establishing procedural fairness and legitimacy for proposed changes. |
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| Keywords: | Rural landscape Land use conflict Coal seam gas Cognitive theory of stress and coping Psychological stress |
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