我国以FDI形式承接国际服务产业转移的福利效应测度研究

外商直接投资已逐渐成为服务业国际转移的主要方式。本文在Feenstra and Hanson(1997)的外购理论基础上,借鉴R.Posner(1961)以及Fisher and Samuelson(1980)的模型框架,修正了一个服务业转移模型分析其福利效应,并基于我国1989-2005年间的服务业外商直接投资对劳动生产率影响的测度说明:在服务业承接FDI国际转移的初期,东道国的福利效应集中体现为吸收大量非技术性劳动就业,但对人均劳动生产率的影响并不显著;随着FDI的大量涌入,带动国内对于服务业技术性劳动需求及其工资水平增加,激励了非技术性劳动向技术性劳动转变,最终实现了服务业整体人均劳动生产率的显著提高,由此促进了产业结构优化升级,提高了一国整体的福利水平。最后,提出了为更好地实现服务产业的国际接轨,必须逐步放开资本流动管制、营造技术密集型服务业承接软环境等政策建议。

On the Welfare Measurement of China Undertaking the Industry Transfer of International Service Industries in the Form of FDI

FDI in the service industry has gradually become the main form of international transfers. Base on the theory of outsourcing(Feenstra and Hanson, 1997)and use the model framework for reference(R. Posner, 1961; Fisher and Samuelson, 1980), this paper analyzes the welfare effect of service industry transfer. And on the basis of the measurement of the relationship between FDI in the service industry and labor productivity from 1989 to 2005, this paper finds that, at the early stage of international transfer, the welfare effects for the host country is the absorption of large number of non-technical labor and employment, but the impact to the labor productivity per capita is not significant. With the massive influx of FDI, the domestic demand for technical labors and their wage levels increase, which stimulated the change from unskilled labors to technical labor, and ultimately realized the significant improvement of labor productivity per capita in the service industry overall, and thus promoted the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure to enhance a country's overall level of benefits. Finally, to better achieve the linkage of Chinese and international service industries, China must gradually liberate capital flow control, and create good soft environment for technology-intensive service sectors to achieve the international linkage.