WTO电子商务谈判与数字贸易规则博弈

2019年1月,76个WTO成员签署《电子商务联合声明》,确认启动与贸易有关的电子商务议题谈判,旨在制订电子商务/数字贸易领域的国际规则。本文在对谈判成员、提案内容和规则议题进行梳理的基础上,研究分析了数字贸易规则博弈焦点和国家间立场分歧。研究发现:从成员构成看,发达经济体是谈判的主导者,发展中经济体参与谈判和提交提案的比例偏低;从议题设计看,谈判内容远超以往电子商务谈判,更多聚焦于跨境数据流动、源代码披露等数字贸易规则议题;从博弈焦点看,谈判核心包括数据要素、市场空间、监管治理、技术发展与收益分配5个方面,发达经济体和发展中经济体的诉求差异巨大。在此形势下,中国既要加快完善国内体制机制,营造有利于数字经济和数字贸易发展的环境,又要积极参与数字贸易国际规则制订,提出中国规则主张。

WTO E-commerce Negotiation and Digital Trade Rules Game

In January 2019,76 WTO members signed the Joint Statement on Electronic Commerce,confirming the initiation of trade-related e-commerce negotiations,aiming to formulate international rules in the field.of e-commerce and digital trade.Based on the analysis of the composition of negotiation members,proposal content,negotiation topics,this paper further studies and analyzes the focus of digital trade rules game and the position differences among countries.The results show that:from the perspective of membership,the developed countries are the leading players in the negotiations,while the proportion of developing countries participating in the negotiations and submitting proposals is relatively low;from the perspective of topic design,the negotiation content is far beyond the previous e-commerce negotiations,focusing more on cross-border data flow,source code disclosure and other digital trade rule issues;from the perspective of game focus,negotiation core includes data elements,market space,regulatory governance,technology development and income distribution,and there are great differences in the negotiating positions between developed and developing countries.In this situation,China should not only speed up the improvement of domestic system and mechanism,create an environment conducive to the development of digital economy and digital trade,but also actively participate in the formulation of international rules of digital trade and expand the influence of China's rule advocacy.