Klimaschutz im Luftverkehr: Wie geht es weiter?

The paper compares the impacts of alternative geographical scopes of flights integrated in the EU-Emission Trading System (EU-ETS) with regard to environmental and economic aspects. The core of the analysis is a geographical scope according to the 50:50 approach, in which half of the emissions of international aviation between European Economic Area (EEA) and third countries will be part of the EU-ETS. In total, seven options are analysed, which differ by the geographical scope and exceptions. Besides a pure 50:50 approach without any exceptions, we also discuss an option where emissions are capped at the border of a third country. Furthermore, another option assumes that all emissions in international airspace are being excluded from the EU-ETS. For comparison, the impacts of the Full Scope and Reduced Scope approaches are analysed and two options based on airspace, where emissions of flights to/from airports outside the EEA are fully regulated by EU-ETS, as long as they are emitted in EEA airspace or EEA and international airspace, respectively.