经济发展视角的社会资本研究述评

经济学有关社会资本的研究主要关注社会资本与经济发展的关系问题。现有研究忽视了对社会资本问题在经济学研究中兴起背景的考察，缺乏对相关文献系统和深入的梳理。虽然理论界对社会资本的概念和类型尚未形成共识，但是社会资本在经济发展中的作用得到了理论界的认可：在宏观层面，较高的社会资本存量对促进宏观经济增长有积极作用，并有助于解决集体行动问题和提高贫困地区公共资源配置的效率。在微观层面，社会资本与人力资本的投资和收益存在相关联系，此外可以通过降低信贷市场上的逆向选择和道德风险促进金融的发展。同时．社会资本也存在定义模糊和难以测度的理论困境。其非均衡分布还可能造成资源垄断和市场分割。而缺乏普遍性的信任还会阻碍经济的发展。

Review of Studies on Social Capital in Perspective of Economic Development

The research on social capital in economics mainly focuses on the relationship between social capital and economic development. Existing researches may neglect the rising background of social capital, lack the systemic and deep summary of relevant literatures. Although there are some arguments on definitions and types of social capital, the role of social capital in economic development has been accepted： At the macroscopic level, the high stock of social capital has positive effect on economic growth, helpful to solve the collective action problem and improve allocating efficiency of public resources. At the microscopic level, there is significant correlation between social capital and human capital investment and profit. Besides, social capital can also promote the financial development by reducing adverse selection and moral hazard in credit market. Meanwhile, there are academic dilemmas for social capital in fuzzy definition and immeasurability. The unbalanced distribution may lead to resources monopoly and market segmentation, and the lack of universal trust may go against economic development.