汉语方言中来源格、处所格和目标格融合现象初探

本文通过对汉语38个方言点中49组介词融合(syncretism)现象的考察,发现汉语来源格、处所格和目标格之间的融合现象可以通过两种融合模式加以说明。其一是双向融合模式,即处所格和来源格可以双向融合,处所格和目标格也可以双向融合,因此出现三个格用一个词表示的语言现象,在这种模式中来源格与目标格融合需要另外解释。其二是单向循环融合模式,即处所格发展出目标格,目标格发展出来源格,来源格再发展出处所格,形成一个循环。汉语方言中来源格、处所格和目标格存在错综复杂的关系可能是多种因素综合作用使然。

A Tentative Exploration on the Syncretism of Source,Location and Goal in Chinese Dialects

Due to the investigation into the syncretism of 49 prepositions in Chinese 38 dialects,we've found that the syncretism of Source,Location and Goal in Chinese can be explained through two kinds of syncretic models.One is bi-directional syncretic model.In this model,Location and Source can be syncretized bidirectionally and Location and Goal also can be syncretized bi-directionally so that it will appear a case in which one word can express Source,Location and Goal.But in this model,the syncretism of Source and Goal needs to be explained exceptionally.The other is unidirectional circular syncretic model.In this model,Goal derives from Location,and Source derives from Goal,and Location derives from Source,which forms a circulation.We think that the complicated relationships between Source,Location and Goal in Chinese dialects are the corollary of interaction of multiple factors.