西北地区小麦增产潜力分析研究

文章通过对西北5省2000~2013年小麦生产情况、小麦高产创建取得的效益综合分析,结果显示:西北5省小麦种植面积持续下降,单产稳步提升,高产创建万亩片的效益远高于西北5省的平均单产。推广综合集成技术和加大投入是增产的关键,西北5省区小麦生产仍有很大的挖掘潜力。今后挖掘西北5省小麦增产潜力要依靠科学技术,加大优良新品种选育,建全新优品种的推广力度,改善农田基础设施,提高耕地产出能力,促进土地承包经营,推动生产全程机械化,持续加大投入,加强灾害预警与抗逆减灾技术研发,科学抗灾减损。提出要将高产田的种植技术推广应用到大田生产中,实现在现有种植面积不扩大的前提下,产量大幅度提高。为实现口粮绝对安全,需要进一步稳定供给,在挖掘科技潜力,扩大推广展示引导的基础上,探索多渠道的动态补贴机制,保障种粮主体的积极性。

ANALYSIS OFINCREASING POTENTIAL OF WHEAT YIELDIN NORTHWEST REGION

This paper comprehensively analyzedthe wheat production and yield in the five provinces of the Northwest China. The results showed that the wheat planting area was continuously decreasing,and the yield was steadily improvingin the five provinces of the Northwest China. The benefit of high yield area was much higher than the average level in the five provinces. The key to increase the wheatproduction was to promote the integrated technology and investment.Therewas still a great potential for improving wheat production in the five provinces in the Northwest China, such as increasing the breeding of new varieties, promoting the new varieties, improving farmland infrastructure, improving the capacity of cultivated land, promoting land contract and management, using the mechanization, continuouslyincreasing investment, and strengthening the research on disaster forecast and reduction technologies. In addition, it suggested to popularize high yielding cultivation technology to achieve substantial increase in production. To ensure food security, it needed to further keep stable supply, tap into the scientific and technological potential, expand the demonstration and guide, and explore multi-channel dynamic subsidy mechanism.