生态敏感区有机板栗生态补偿标准及其估算——以北京市密云水库库区为例

有机农业发展与水源地等生态敏感区的生态安全维护息息相关,科学合理地对有机农业进行生态补偿,是促进水源地有机农业发展的重要激励手段,对防止水库水体污染、维护水库生态系统安全具有重要意义。研究应用生态服务价值评估、生命周期评价以及农户问卷调查等方法,综合考虑有机农产品生产的额外成本、生态系统服务价值及环境成本三大基本影响因素,建立有机农产品生态补偿标准定量化指标体系和估算方法,确定了北京市密云库区有机板栗的生态补偿标准。研究结果表明:与常规板栗相比,密云有机板栗生产的额外成本为6 000.00元/hm~2;有机板栗的生态系统服务价值高于常规板栗,增量为4 434.50元/hm~2;有机板栗的环境成本比常规板栗低209.20元/hm~2;密云库区有机板栗生态补偿标准为3个变量之和,即1.064 37万元/hm~2。在密云库区有机板栗生态补偿额度的构成中,有机板栗生产的额外成本所占比例最大,为56.37%,额外成本过高是影响该区域有机农业发展的主要障碍因素,而有机板栗较高的生态系统服务价值和较低的环境成本,是水库水环境安全的重要保障。估算密云水库库区有机农产品的生态补偿标准并分析其构成,对进一步完善该区域的生态补偿机制,维护库区生态安全具有重要参考价值。

ECOLOGICAL COMPENSATION STANDARD ASSESSMENT FOR ORGANIC CHESTNUT PRODUCTION IN ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS*---A CASE STUDY ON MIYUN RESERVOIR AREAS

The development of organic agriculture plays an important role on ecological safety in ecologically sensi-tive areas such as water source areas. It′s vital for promoting the development of organic agriculture,preventing res-ervoir water pollution and maintaining ecological safety of reservoirs areas to give scientific and reasonable ecological compensation to organic agriculture. This paper established ecological compensation standard index system and as-sessment methods of organic agriculture and determined ecological compensation standard for organic chestnuts in Miyun Reservoir areas,which takes the extra costs of organic agriculture,value of ecosystem services and the envi-ronmental costs into account. The results show that compared with conventional chestnuts production,the extra costs of organic chestnuts in Miyun Reservoir areas is 6000. 00yuan/hm2 ,which mainly caused by more labor force input in organic chestnuts production. The ecosystem services value of organic chestnuts increases by 4434. 50 yuan/hm2 which is 31. 40%higher than that of conventional chestnuts. Compared with conventional chestnuts, the values of regulating,supporting and provisioning respectively increase by 83. 26%, 166. 77%and 57. 70%. According to the results of field investigation and related research parameters,this paper uses the life cycle assessment method to cal-culate the value of harm to human body health in the process of organic and conventional chestnuts production in the Miyun reservoir,and convert harm into the environmental cost with human capital method. The life cycle of organic chestnuts produces fewer pollutants,mainly refers to N2 o and Zn,Cd,Pb came from the farming process,which were caused by the application of fertilizer and heavy metal residues by organic fertilizer respectively. Compared with the conventional chestnuts,LCEc of organic chestnuts decrease by 209. 20 yuan/hm2 with decreasing rate of 38. 27%. Overall,organic chestnuts production is cleaner than conventional chestnuts in Miyun reservoir areas. The final eco-logical compensation standard of organic chestnuts in Miyun Reservoir areas, determined by the sum of the three variations above,is 10643. 70 yuan/hm2 . The major difficulty for development of organic agriculture in Miyun Reser-voir areas is the high extra costs which runs up to 56. 37%,occupied the largest portion of ecological compensation standard for organic chestnuts. The higher ecosystem services value and lower environmental cost of organic chest-nuts give important guarantee for environmental safety of reservoir water. Therefore,to improve the ecological com-pensation mechanism and promote the development of organic agriculture are significant for ecological safety of res-ervoirs and other water source areas by determining scientific and rational ecological compensation standard and an-alyzing its structure for agricultural products.